In the last lesson, we covered the "business" logic for updating a ticket's elapsed time in the Redux store. In the process, we had to write and test a reducer action, update and test another reducer action, and write action creators.

Now that we're ready to implement this functionality in the UI, we should think carefully about where it's needed.

• We know that a new ticket should have a timeOpen and formattedWaitTime property, which means that we'll need to add these in NewTicketForm.js.
• Next, we'll need to implement a timer in our TicketControl component. Fortunately, we added most of the code for that a few lessons ago. We'll go over it again in this lesson.
• When we demonstrated how our timer would work, we created an updateTicketElapsedWaitTime() method that logged "tick" to the queue. In this lesson, we'll update that method to actually update the elapsed wait time for a ticket.
• Once that's complete, we'll need to pass the timeOpen and formattedWaitTime properties of a ticket to the Ticket component via TicketList. (And we can't forget to add PropTypes, either.)
• We'll also need to make a tweak to our EditTicketForm so that timeOpen and formattedWaitTime don't become undefined when we update tickets.

To recap, we'll need to make changes to the following five components:

• NewTicketForm.js;
• TicketControl.js;
• TicketList.js;
• Ticket.js;
• EditTicketForm.js.

We'll make the changes in that order.

Changes to NewTicketForm.js

We just need to make a few small changes to NewTicketForm.js:

...
import { formatDistanceToNow } from 'date-fns';
...

function NewTicketForm(props){
  function handleNewTicketFormSubmission(event) {
    event.preventDefault();
    props.onNewTicketCreation({
      names: event.target.names.value,
      location: event.target.location.value, 
      issue: event.target.issue.value,
      id: v4(),
      timeOpen: new Date(),
      formattedWaitTime: formatDistanceToNow(new Date(), {
        addSuffix: true
      })
    });
  }
...

First we need to import date-fns. Then we need to add timeOpen and formattedWaitTime properties to the ticket object. timeOpen will be set to the value of a new Date(). That way, when a user adds a ticket via the form and this function is triggered, the current date and time will be created for a ticket's timeOpen property. Meanwhile, formattedWaitTime will be set to the formatted elapsed time since the ticket was opened. Later, we'll use the date set for timeOpen to update the formattedWaitTime.

If we wanted to, we could define timeOpen and formattedWaitTime in TicketControl.js instead. After all, these aren't values that are being pulled from the form. TicketControl.js actually processes the new tickets and passes them to the Redux store, so why not add these values to TicketControl's handleAddingNewTicketToList() method instead?

An argument could be made for that — but there are advantages to creating all the properties a ticket needs in the same place. This keeps our code modular and makes it easier for other developers to read. Since NewTicketForm already creates the other properties, it makes sense to create the timeOpen and formattedWaitTime properties here as well.

Changes to TicketControl.js

Most of our updates will be made in this component. However, we already implemented almost all of the changes we need when we learned about lifecycle methods and implemented a timer. Here's what we have so far from that lesson:

...

componentDidMount() {
    this.waitTimeUpdateTimer = setInterval(() =>
      this.updateTicketElapsedWaitTime(),
    60000
    );
  }

  componentWillUnmount(){
    clearInterval(this.waitTimeUpdateTimer);
  }

  updateTicketElapsedWaitTime = () => {
    // New code will go here.
  }

A few things to note:

• We've changed the interval of our setInterval() function to 60000 because the Help Queue at Epicodus updates every minute.

• There's no need to use the componentDidUpdate() lifecycle method here so it's been removed.

• The only other new code we will need to add to TicketControl will go in updatedTicketElapsedWaitTime(). Every 60 seconds, this function will be called. As you may have already guessed, we'll be dispatching our new action here.

Let's add the code to implement date-fns now:

...
import { formatDistanceToNow } from 'date-fns';
...

...
updateTicketElapsedWaitTime = () => {
  const { dispatch } = this.props;
  Object.values(this.props.mainTicketList).forEach(ticket => {
      const newFormattedWaitTime = formatDistanceToNow(ticket.timeOpen, {
        addSuffix: true
      });
    const action = a.updateTime(ticket.id, newFormattedWaitTime);
    dispatch(action);
  });
}
...

Note that we've added a new import statement to the top of TicketControl.js to import the help function formatDistanceToNow().

Next, let's cover exactly what the updateTicketElapsedWaitTime function is doing. This will all be review of concepts we've already covered.

• We start by deconstructing the dispatch function from this.props.

• We iterate over the values in the mainTicketList. For each ticket, we determine the formattedWaitTime using the formatDistanceToNow() method from date-fns. This time we pass in ticket.timeOpen as the first argument. That's because we want to calculate the distance between the time the ticket was first opened that's stored in the timeOpen property, and now.

• Note that we use forEach(). Technically, we could use map() and it would work. However, this function only has side effects (updating the store) and map() is supposed to return something without side effects. For that reason, forEach() communicates our intentions here.

There's another important thing to note about this code. It's not going to scale up very well. Every minute, this function will dispatch an action for every single ticket in the queue. That wouldn't be very efficient if our queue was meant to handle thousands of tickets. Since this is just a simple implementation — and our queue doesn't need to handle a lot of tickets anyway — we won't worry about it. However, you may want to see if you can refactor it to be more efficient on your own.

Changes to TicketList.js

The Ticket.js component needs to have access to the formattedWaitTime property. In order to pass these props to Ticket.js, though, we first need to pass them to TicketList.js, which is the direct parent of Ticket.js and the child of TicketControl.js:

...
function TicketList(props){
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <hr/>
      {Object.values(props.ticketList).map((ticket) => {
        return <Ticket
          whenTicketClicked = { props.onTicketSelection }
          names={ticket.names}
          location={ticket.location}
          issue={ticket.issue}
          formattedWaitTime={ticket.formattedWaitTime}
          id={ticket.id}
          key={ticket.id}/>
  })}
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
...

We just add formattedWaitTime as a prop to pass down to Ticket.js. We don't need to pass timeOpen as a prop because we won't be displaying it in Ticket.js. We'll only be showing the formattedWaitTime.

Changes to Ticket.js

Now we just need to add formattedWaitTime as a prop type to Ticket.js and then actually use the prop in our React fragment:

...

function Ticket(props){
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <div onClick = {()=> props.whenTicketClicked(props.id)}>
        <h3>{props.location} - {props.names}</h3>
        <p><em>{props.issue}</em></p>
        { /* new code below. */}
        <p><em>{props.formattedWaitTime}</em></p>
        <hr/>
      </div>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}

Ticket.propTypes = {
  // New prop type added.
  ...
  formattedWaitTime: PropTypes.string
};

...

Only two lines of code have been added here. Comments have been included to highlight the new lines of code.

Changes to EditTicketForm.js

If we run our application, everything will work correctly when we add a new ticket. The time for a new ticket will display as 'less than a minute ago'. If we wait a minute, it will update to 'One minute ago'.

However, if we edit a ticket, the elapsed time will no longer display. See if you can figure out the issue on your own first — it's a quick fix.

The issue is in the handleEditTicketFormSubmission() function. When we call props.onEditTicket(), we don't specify that the timeOpen and formattedWaitTime properties should be included in the ticket object. Remember that when we update a ticket, it's almost exactly the same as adding a new ticket — we just happen to be overwriting the pre-existing ticket with the same id. To fix this issue, we just need to pass the timeOpen and formattedWaitTime properties into the method.

...
function handleEditTicketFormSubmission(event) {
  event.preventDefault();
  props.onEditTicket({
    names: event.target.names.value, 
    location: event.target.location.value, 
    issue: event.target.issue.value, 
    id: ticket.id, 
    timeOpen: ticket.timeOpen, 
    formattedWaitTime: ticket.formattedWaitTime 
  });
}
...

At this point, our Help Queue should now show the elapsed time since the ticket was opened regardless of whether the ticket was updated.

Conclusion

As we've already stated, you won't be expected to add this kind of functionality to your independent projects. The most important takeaway from these lessons isn't using a timer or incorporating date-fns — although it's fun to do both — or getting the Help Queue fully functional. Instead, it's essential to know about how the component lifecycle works — and to have at least a basic understanding of the following methods and what they do:

• constructor(): Called when a state-based component is instantiated;
• render(): Called both when a component is being loaded and also when it's updated;
• componentDidMount(): Called when a component has finished updating the DOM;
• componentDidUpdate(): Called immediately after a component updates;
• componentWillUnmount(); Called right before a component is unmounted and destroyed.